pISSN 1226-6051
eISSN 2508-786X
eISSN 2508-786X
Level of evidence and grade of recommendation in Korean Clinical Practice Guideline for Stoke (KCPGS) and AHA/ASA guidelines
| Korean Clinical Practice Guideline for Stoke | |
|---|---|
| Level of evidence (LOE) | |
| Ia | Evidence obtained from meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |
| Ib | Evidence obtained from at least one randomized controlled trial |
| IIa | Evidence obtained from at least one well-designed controlled study without randomization |
| IIb | Evidence obtained from at least one other type of well-designed quasi-experimental study |
| III | Evidence obtained from well-designed non-experimental descriptive studies, such as comparative studies, correlation studies and case studies |
| IV | Evidence obtained from expert committee reports or opinions and/or clinical experiences of respected authorities |
| Grade of recommendation (GOR) | |
| A (LOE Ia, Ib) | Required: at least one randomized controlled trial as part of the body of literature of overall good quality and consistency addressing specific recommendation |
| B (LOE IIa, IIb, III) | Required: availability of well conducted clinical studies but no randomized clinical trials on the topic of recommendation |
| C (LOE IV) | Required: evidence obtained from expert committee reports or opinions and/or clinical experiences of respected authorities. This grade indicates the absence of directly applicable clinical studies of good quality. |
| GPP (good practice points) | Recommended best practice based on the clinical experience of the guideline development group |
| AHA/ASA guidelines | |
| Class (Strength) of recommendation (COR) | |
| 1 (Strong) | Benefit >>> Risk |
| Is recommended; is indicated/useful/effective/beneficial; should be performed/administered/other | |
| 2a (Moderate) | Benefit >> Risk |
| Is reasonable; can be useful/effective/beneficial | |
| 2b (Weak) | Benefit ≥ Risk |
| May/might be reasonable; may/might be considered; usefulness/effectiveness is unknown/unclear/uncertain or not well established | |
| 3. No benefit (Moderate) | Benefit = Risk |
| Is not recommended; is not indicated/useful/effective/beneficial; should not be performed/administered/other | |
| 3. Harm (Strong) | Risk > Benefit |
| Potentially harmful; causes harm; associated with excess morbidity/mortality; should not be performed/administered/other | |
| Level (Quality) of evidence (LOE) | |
| A | High-quality evidence from more than 1 RCT; |
| meta-analyses of high-quality RCTs; | |
| one or more RCTs corroborated by high-quality registry studies | |
| B-R (randomized) | Moderate-quality evidence from 1 or more RCTs; |
| meta-analyses of moderate-quality RCTs | |
| B-NR (nonrandomized) | Moderate-quality evidence from 1 or more well-designed, well-executed nonrandomized studies, observational studies, or registry studies; |
| Meta-analyses of such studies | |
| C-LD (limited data) | Randomized or nonrandomized observational or registry studies with limitations of design or execution; meta-analyses of such studies; physiological or mechanistic studies in human subjects |
| C-EO (expert opinion) | Consensus of expert opinion based on clinical experience |
RCT, randomized controlled trial; AHA, American Heart Association; ASA, American Stroke Association