pISSN 1226-6051
eISSN 2508-786X
eISSN 2508-786X
Preliminary list derived from pre-existing high alert medication lists and related data from analysis of patient incident data and survey from experts
| ATC level 2 | Medication class | Pre-existing list | Patient incident data from KOPS | Survey |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISMP | APINCHS | Korean accreditation | Mortality case | Specific harm cases |
Harm cases (n=3363) | Total cases (n=5073) | |||
| A10 | Insulins | O | O | O | - | 111 | 191 | 209 | (+) |
| Sulfonylurea | O | - | - | - | 2 | 8 | 15 | (-) | |
| B01 | Anticoagulants, oral | O | O | - | - | 7 | 25 | 40 | (-) |
| Anticoagulants, Inj. | O | O | O | - | 24 | 56 | 66 | (+) | |
| GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors | O | - | O | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | (-) | |
| Thrombolytics | O | - | O | - | 5 | 9 | 10 | (+) | |
| B05 | Hypertonic, sodium chloride | O | O | O | - | 2 | 5 | 5 | (+) |
| Potassium Inj, concentrated | O | O | O | 2 | 29 | 57 | 66 | (+) | |
| Magnesium Inj., concentrated | O | O | O | - | 7 | 10 | 11 | (+) | |
| Calcium Inj., concentrated | - | O | O | - | 3 | 5 | 7 | (-) | |
| Sterile water Inj. > 100 ml | O | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | (-) | |
| Dextrose, concentrated | O | - | - | - | 1 | 3 | 3 | (-) | |
| Cardioplegic solutions | O | - | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | (-) | |
| Dialysate | O | - | - | - | 0 | 3 | 8 | (-) | |
| Parenteral nutrition | O | - | - | 1 | 62 | 120 | 135 | (+) | |
| C01 | Adrenergic agonist, Inj | O | - | - | - | 33 | 61 | 75 | (+) |
| Amiodarone, Inj | O | - | - | - | 4 | 4 | 4 | (-) | |
| Adenosin, Inj | O | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 2 | (-) | |
| Milrinone | O | - | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | (-) | |
| Digoxin, Inj | O | - | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | (-) | |
| C02 | Nitroprusside | O | - | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | (-) |
| C07 | Esmolol, Inj | O | - | - | - | 0 | 2 | 3 | (-) |
| Labetalol, Inj | 1 | 2 | 6 | 6 | |||||
| H01 | Oxytocin | O | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | (-) |
| Vasopressin | O | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 2 | (-) | |
| J01 | Aminoglycoside | - | O | - | - | 6 | 21 | 30 | (-) |
| Vancomycin | - | O | - | - | 5 | 13 | 21 | (-) | |
| J02 | Amphotericin B | O | O | - | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | (-) |
| L01 | Chemotherapeutic agents, Inj | O | O | O | - | 42 | 154 | 201 | (+) |
| L01 | Chemotherapeutic agents, oral | O | O | O | 1 | 4 | 14 | 24 | (+) |
| M03 | Neuromuscular blocking agent | O | O | - | 1 | 9 | 12 | 15 | (+) |
| N01 | Anesthetics, Inhaled | O | - | O | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | (-) |
| Anesthetics, IV | O | O | O | 1 | 45 | 67 | 74 | (+) | |
| Epidural, intrathecal, local anesthetics | O | - | 7 | 14 | 18 | (-) | |||
| N02 | Opioid analgesics, Inj. c | O | O | O | 1 | 47 | 92 | 104 | (+) |
| Opioid analgesics, oral/patchc | O | O | - | - | 5 | 34 | 45 | (-) | |
| N05 | Clozapine | - | O | - | - | 3 | 5 | 8 | (-) |
| Lithium | - | O | - | - | 1 | 2 | 2 | (-) | |
| Benzodiazepines, Inj. | O | O | O | 3 | 32 | 63 | 73 | (+) | |
| Dexmedetomidine | O | O | O | - | 4 | 7 | 8 | (+) | |
| Chloral hydrate | O | - | - | - | 6 | 6 | 12 | (-) | |
| V08 | Contrast media | - | - | O | 1 | 2 | 407** | 410 | (+) |
a cases that resulted in patient harm due to characteristics of medications; b Survey results from assistant staffs to support patient safety tasks and pharmacist in charge of medication safety, (+) and (-) indicates appropriate and inappropriate, respectively, for including HAM lists. C opioids excluding tramadol