pISSN 1226-6051
eISSN 2508-786X
eISSN 2508-786X
Most common medication classes/medications described as potentially inappropriate medications
| Medication class | Number of Tools | (%) | Medication | Number of Tools | (%) | Rationale | Quality of evidence | Strength of Recommendation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 16 | 73 | Amitriptylline | 12 | 55 | Highly anticholinergic, sedating, and cause orthostatic hypotension | High | Strong |
| Clomipramine | 11 | 50 | ||||||
| Imipramine | 10 | 45 | ||||||
| Opioids | 14 | 64 | Meperidine (Pethidine) | 11 | 50 | Increased neurotoxicity, delirium risk, adverse CNS effects | Moderate | Strong |
| Benzodiazepine | 15 | 68 | Diazepam | 10 | 45 | Cognitive impairment, delirium, falls | Moderate | Strong |
| Alprazolam | 9 | 41 | ||||||
| Chlordiazepoxide | 8 | 36 | ||||||
| Clonazepam | 8 | 36 | ||||||
| Loprazolam | 8 | 36 | ||||||
| Antiplatelets | 14 | 64 | Ticlopidine | 9 | 41 | Risk of hematological toxicity, safer alternatives available | Moderate | Strong |
| First-generation | 15 | 68 | Chlorpheniramine | 8 | 36 | Highly anticholinergic toxicity | Moderate | Strong |
| anti-histamines | Hydroxyzine | 8 | 36 | |||||
| Barbiturates | 8 | 36 | Phenobarbital | 8 | 36 | High rate of physical dependence, tolerance to sleep benefits, greater risk of overdose at low dosages | High | Strong |
| Z-drugs | 8 | 36 | Zolpidem | 8 | 36 | Increased risk of cognitive impairment, confusion, falls | Moderate | Strong |
| NSAIDs | 12 | 55 | Indomethacin | 8 | 36 | Gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcer, Acute kidney injury | Moderate | Strong |
| Ketoprofen | 8 | 36 | ||||||
| Piroxicam | 8 | 36 | ||||||
| Meloxicam | 7 | 32 | ||||||
| Antiarrhythmics | 8 | 36 | Amiodarone | 7 | 32 | Cardiotoxicities, risk of hypothyroidism | High | Strong |
| Antihypertensives | 13 | 59 | Methyldopa | 7 | 32 | Bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension | Low | Strong |
| Antiparkinson agents | 10 | 45 | Trihexyphenidyl | 7 | 32 | High anticholinergic effects that may lead to confusion, urinary retention, constipation | Moderate | Strong |
| α-1 blockers | 9 | 41 | Doxazosin | 7 | 32 | High risk of orthostatic hypotension and associated harms | Moderate | Strong |
CNS, Central Nervous System; NSAIDs, Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs